Mycoremediation an Eco-friendly Approach for the Degradation of Cellulosic Wastes from Paper Industry with the help of Cellulases and Hemicellulase activity to Minimize the Industrial Pollution

Environmental preservation is one of the key strategies addressing sustainable development. An awareness of environmental problems and potential hazards caused by industrial waste waters has prompted many countries to limit the discharge of toxic effluents. Mycoremediation play important role in the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents containing numerous toxic substances like hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, heavy metals, penolicderivaties and high concentration of lignin and cellulosic materials. Fungi can easily colonize and degrade large varieties of waste e.g. waste paper, saw dust, wood chips, bagasse, black liquor of pulp and paper industrial effluents etc.. Fungi utilize some of these hazardous compounds as nutrients source and degrade or fragmenting the pollutants into non-toxic simpler forms. In the pulp and paper industry, cellulases and hemicellulases have been employed for biomechanical pulping for modification of the coarse mechanical pulp and hand sheet strength properties, de-inking of recycled fibers and for improving drainage and run ability of paper mills. Cellulases are employed in the removing of inks coating and toners from paper and also used in preparation of easily biodegradable cardboard. It is proposed to use of Hemicellulase enzymes as effective bio-reagents to achieve bio bleaching in place of poisonous chlorine compounds conventionally used to achieve pulp brightness in the manufacture of high quality paper products. The Fungal flora has been isolated from the soil of Amrita Singh & Richa Sharma 200 Paper Industry. The degradation ability of fungi was checked by the fungal growth on the media containing Cellulose and Xylan as a substrate respectively. The more is the fungal growth, and more the clear zone around the colony of fungus, the more it can utilize Cellulose and Xylan and produce Cellulase and Hemicellulase enzyme. In order to remove toxic metals from soil and also to improve in treatment of industrial effluents, Mycoremediation, is emerging as potential strategy for cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation of contaminated soils.